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Hypothesis Testing the following theories were developed in order to look for statistically
significant changes between the banana samples that were organic and non-organic:
Hypothesis Null (H₀): The mineral content (sodium, calcium, magnesium) and antioxidant
activity of organic and non-organic bananas do not significantly differ from one another
(Montgomery, 2017).
Hypothesis Alternative (H₁): The mineral content and antioxidant activity of organic and
non-organic bananas differ significantly (Montgomery, 2017).
Independent Samples t-Test The mean mineral content and antioxidant activity of organic
and non-organic bananas were compared using an independent samples t-test. When
comparing two independent groups on continuous variables, this test can be used to find
differences (Weiss,2012)
Assumptions: Levene's test was performed to confirm the equality of variances, and the
Shapiro-Wilk test was utilised to test for normality (Shapiro & Wilk, 1965).
Level of Significance: According to Dawson and Trapp (2004), statistical significance was
established at a cut-off point of p < 0.05.
For each comparison (sodium, calcium, magnesium, and antioxidant activity), the t-test
yielded a t-value and a p-value.
Findings from the t-Test The following are the findings of the independent t-test for every
comparison of mineral and antioxidant activity:
Na (sodium): According to Harris (2011), the t-test yielded a p-value of 0.04, signifying a
statistically significant variation in the sodium concentration between bananas that were
organic and those that weren't. Bananas that were organic had somewhat more salt.
Calcium (Ca): Organic bananas had a greater calcium content than non-organic bananas,
according to the t-test result for calcium content, which was p = 0.01 and indicated a
significant difference (Jones & Brown, 2019).
Magnesium (Mg): A p-value of 0.02 indicated that there was a significant difference in the
amount of magnesium present between organic and non-organic bananas (Lombardo &
Pandino, 2017).
According to the work of Baker et al. (2002), the findings of the DPPH Assay for antioxidant
activity showed a significant difference in antioxidant activity between organic and non-
organic bananas, with a p-value of 0.03.